Additive Persistence
Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc.,
until the remaining number has only one digit. The number
of additions required to obtain a single digit from a number
is called the additive persistence of
, and the digit
obtained is called the digital root of 
.
For example, the sequence obtained from the starting number 9876 is (9876, 30, 3), so 9876 has an additive persistence of 2 and a digital
root of 3. The additive persistences of the first few positive integers are 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, ... (OEIS A031286).
The smallest numbers of additive persistence 
for 
, 1, ... are
0, 10, 19, 199, 19999999999999999999999, ... (OEIS A006050).
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alladi-Grinstead constant