Create First GUI Application using Python-Tkinter

We are now stepping into making applications with graphical elements, we will learn how to make cool apps and focus more on its GUI(Graphical User Interface) using Tkinter.

What is Tkinter?

Tkinter is a Python Package for creating GUI applications. Python has a lot of GUI frameworks, but Tkinter is the only framework that’s built into the Python standard library.

Tkinter has several strengths; it’s cross-platform, so the same code works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Tkinter is lightweight and relatively painless to use compared to other frameworks. This makes it a compelling choice for building GUI applications in Python, especially for applications where a modern shine is unnecessary, and the top priority is to build something functional and cross-platform quickly.  

Use Cases of Tkinter

1. Creating windows and dialog boxes: Tkinter can be used to create windows and dialog boxes that allow users to interact with your program. These can be used to display information, gather input, or present options to the user.

To create a window or dialog box, you can use the Tk() function to create a root window, and then use functions like Label, Button, and Entry to add widgets to the window.

2. Building a GUI for a desktop application: Tkinter can be used to create the interface for a desktop application, including buttons, menus, and other interactive elements.

To build a GUI for a desktop application, you can use functions like Menu, Checkbutton, and RadioButton to create menus and interactive elements and use layout managers like pack and grid to arrange the widgets on the window.

3. Adding a GUI to a command-line program: Tkinter can be used to add a GUI to a command-line program, making it easier for users to interact with the program and input arguments.

To add a GUI to a command-line program, you can use functions like Entry and Button to create input fields and buttons, and use event handlers like command and bind to handle user input.

4. Creating custom widgets: Tkinter includes a variety of built-in widgets, such as buttons, labels, and text boxes, but it also allows you to create your own custom widgets.

To create a custom widget, you can define a class that inherits from the Widget class and overrides its methods to define the behavior and appearance of the widget.

5. Prototyping a GUI: Tkinter can be used to quickly prototype a GUI, allowing you to test and iterate on different design ideas before committing to a final implementation.

To prototype a GUI with Tkinter, you can use the Tk() function to create a root window, and then use functions like Label, Button, and Entry to add widgets to the window and test different layouts and design ideas.

Tkinter Alternatives

There are several libraries that are similar to Tkinter and can be used for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in Python. Some examples include:

1. PyQt: PyQt is a GUI library that allows you to create GUI applications using the Qt framework. It is a comprehensive library with a large number of widgets and features.
2. wxPython: wxPython is a library that allows you to create GUI applications using the wxWidgets framework. It includes a wide range of widgets in it’s GUI toolkit and is cross-platform, meaning it can run on multiple operating systems.
3. PyGTK: PyGTK is a GUI library that allows you to create GUI applications using the GTK+ framework. It is a cross-platform library with a wide range of widgets and features.
4. Kivy: Kivy is a library that allows you to create GUI applications using a modern, responsive design. It is particularly well-suited for building mobile apps and games.
5. PyForms: PyForms is a library that allows you to create GUI applications using a simple, declarative syntax. It is designed to be easy to use and has a small footprint.
6. Pygame: PyForms is a library that is popular because you can develop video games using it. It is a free, open source, and cross-platform wrapper for the Simple DirectMedia Library (SDL). You can check Pygame Tutorial if you are interested in video game development.

In summary, there are several libraries available for creating GUI applications in Python, each with its own set of features and capabilities. Tkinter is a popular choice, but you may want to consider other options depending on your specific needs and requirements.

To understand Tkinter better, we will create a simple GUI. 

Getting Started with Tkinter

1. Import tkinter package and all of its modules.
2. Create a root window. Give the root window a title(using title()) and dimension(using geometry()).  All other widgets will be inside the root window. 
3. Use mainloop() to call the endless loop of the window. If you forget to call this nothing will appear to the user. The window will wait for any user interaction till we close it.

# Import Module
from tkinter import *

# create root window
root = Tk()

# root window title and dimension
root.title("Welcome to GeekForGeeks")
# Set geometry (widthxheight)
root.geometry('350x200')

# all widgets will be here
# Execute Tkinter
root.mainloop()

 Output
 

Root Window

4. We’ll add a label using the Label Class and change its text configuration as desired.  The grid() function is a geometry manager which keeps the label in the desired location inside the window. If no parameters are mentioned by default it will place it in the empty cell; that is 0,0 as that is the first location.  

# Import Module
from tkinter import *

# create root window
root = Tk()

# root window title and dimension
root.title("Welcome to GeekForGeeks")
# Set geometry(widthxheight)
root.geometry('350x200')

#adding a label to the root window
lbl = Label(root, text = "Are you a Geek?")
lbl.grid()

# Execute Tkinter
root.mainloop()

Output
 

Label inside root window

5. Now add a button to the root window. Changing the button configurations gives us a lot of options.  In this example we will make the button display a text once it is clicked and also change the color of the text inside the button. 

# Import Module
from tkinter import *

# create root window
root = Tk()

# root window title and dimension
root.title("Welcome to GeekForGeeks")
# Set geometry(widthxheight)
root.geometry('350x200')

# adding a label to the root window
lbl = Label(root, text = "Are you a Geek?")
lbl.grid()

# function to display text when
# button is clicked
def clicked():
    lbl.configure(text = "I just got clicked")

# button widget with red color text
# inside
btn = Button(root, text = "Click me" ,
             fg = "red", command=clicked)
# set Button grid
btn.grid(column=1, row=0)

# Execute Tkinter
root.mainloop()

 
Output:  
 

Button added

After clicking “Click me”

6. Using the Entry() class we will create a text box for user input. To display the user input text, we’ll make changes to the function clicked(). We can get the user entered text using the get() function. When the Button after entering of the text, a default text concatenated with the user text. Also change button grid location to column 2 as Entry() will be column 1.

# Import Module
from tkinter import *

# create root window
root = Tk()

# root window title and dimension
root.title("Welcome to GeekForGeeks")
# Set geometry(widthxheight)
root.geometry('350x200')

# adding a label to the root window
lbl = Label(root, text = "Are you a Geek?")
lbl.grid()

# adding Entry Field
txt = Entry(root, width=10)
txt.grid(column =1, row =0)


# function to display user text when 
# button is clicked
def clicked():

    res = "You wrote" + txt.get()
    lbl.configure(text = res)

# button widget with red color text inside
btn = Button(root, text = "Click me" ,
             fg = "red", command=clicked)
# Set Button Grid
btn.grid(column=2, row=0)

# Execute Tkinter
root.mainloop()

Output: 

Entry Widget at column 2 row 0

Displaying user input text. 

7. To add a menu bar, you can use Menu class. First, we create a menu, then we add our first label, and finally, we assign the menu to our window. We can add menu items under any menu by using add_cascade().

# Import Module
from tkinter import *

# create root window
root = Tk()

# root window title and dimension
root.title("Welcome to GeekForGeeks")
# Set geometry(widthxheight)
root.geometry('350x200')

# adding menu bar in root window
# new item in menu bar labelled as 'New'
# adding more items in the menu bar 
menu = Menu(root)
item = Menu(menu)
item.add_command(label='New')
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=item)
root.config(menu=menu)

# adding a label to the root window
lbl = Label(root, text = "Are you a Geek?")
lbl.grid()

# adding Entry Field
txt = Entry(root, width=10)
txt.grid(column =1, row =0)


# function to display user text when
# button is clicked
def clicked():

    res = "You wrote" + txt.get()
    lbl.configure(text = res)

# button widget with red color text inside
btn = Button(root, text = "Click me" ,
             fg = "red", command=clicked)
# Set Button Grid
btn.grid(column=2, row=0)

# Execute Tkinter
root.mainloop()

Output
This simple GUI covers the basics of Tkinter package. Similarly, you can add more widgets and change their configurations as desired.  

Tkinter Widgets 

Tkinter is the GUI library of Python, it provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called Widgets.  The list of commonly used Widgets are mentioned below – 

Geometry Management 

All Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place. Their description is mentioned below – 

In this article, we have learned about GUI programming in Python and how to make GUI in Python. GUI is a very demanded skill so you must know how to develop GUI using Python. Hope this article helped you in creating GUI using Python.

Check Sample Code: Simple GUI calculator using Tkinter

More Articles:

• Python GUI – tkinter
• Python Tkinter Tutorial
• Introduction to Tkinter
• Python3 for GUI application | An Overview
• Python | Simple GUI calculator using Tkinter

Create First GUI Application using Python-Tkinter – FAQs

How to Make a GUI in Python Tkinter?

To make a graphical user interface (GUI) in Python using Tkinter, you need to:

1. Import Tkinter: Start by importing the Tkinter module.
2. Create a Main Window: Create the main application window.
3. Add Widgets: Add widgets like buttons, labels, text boxes to the main window.
4. Run the Application Loop: Start the event loop so that actions can be handled.

Example:

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Simple GUI")

# Adding a label
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!")
label.pack()

# Adding a button
button = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=lambda: label.config(text="Button Clicked!"))
button.pack()

# Start the application
root.mainloop()

How Do I Create My First Application in Python?

Creating your first application in Python can start with something simple like a command-line tool or a basic GUI. Here’s how to create a simple Hello World console application:

Example:

def main():
    print("Hello, World!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

How to Create an App Using Tkinter?

Creating an app with Tkinter involves setting up a window with widgets that interact with the user. See the earlier example on how to create a basic GUI. You can expand this by adding more widgets and functionality.

Which GUI is Best for Python?

The best GUI toolkit can depend on your needs:

• Tkinter: Integrated with Python, ideal for simple and small applications.
• PyQt or PySide: Powerful, supporting the Qt framework, suitable for complex and feature-rich applications.
• wxPython: Good for native-looking applications across different operating systems.
• Kivy: Great for applications on Windows, Linux, OS X, Android, and iOS, particularly for touch-enabled devices.

What is the Simplest Python GUI?

Tkinter is often considered the simplest GUI toolkit for Python due to its straightforward approach and being part of the Python standard library, making it easily accessible without needing to install additional packages. It is ideal for small applications and learning the basics of GUI development.

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